跳至內容

檔案:Mauna Loa CO2 monthly mean concentration.svg

頁面內容不支援其他語言。
出自維基百科

原始文件 (SVG檔案,表面大細: 708 × 708 像素,檔案大細:434 KB)

箇隻檔案來自維基共享資源,佢可能拕應用嘚別嗰項目。 佢嗰檔案描述頁面顯示嘚下頭。

摘要

簡話
English: This figure shows the history of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations as directly measured at Mauna Loa, Hawaii since 1958. This curve is known as the Keeling curve, and is an essential piece of evidence of the man-made increases in greenhouse gases that are believed to be the cause of global warming. The longest such record exists at Mauna Loa, but these measurements have been independently confirmed at many other sites around the world [1].

The annual fluctuation in carbon dioxide is caused by seasonal variations in carbon dioxide uptake by land plants. Since many more forests are concentrated in the Northern Hemisphere, more carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere during Northern Hemisphere summer than Southern Hemisphere summer. This annual cycle is shown in the inset figure by taking the average concentration for each month across all measured years.

The red curve shows the average monthly concentrations, and blue curve is a smoothed trend.
The carbon dioxide data is measured as the mole fraction in dry air. This dataset constitutes the longest record of direct measurements of CO2 in the atmosphere (regularly updated).
日期
來源 自己的作品. Data from Dr. Pieter Tans, NOAA/ESRL and Dr. Ralph Keeling, Scripps Institution of Oceanography.
作者 Oeneis
其他版本

[編寫]

Keeling curve

English: Plots of the Keeling curve produced with R in SVG for several languages.
Français : Graphiques multi-langues de la Courbe de Keeling réalisés avec R en SVG.

Create this plot

 
向量圖形使用R創作。

R code

# Mauna Loa atmospheric CO2 change
# multi language plot for Wikipedia
# using different possible sources (Scripps if NOAA is not available)
# 
# Used for https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mauna_Loa_CO2_monthly_mean_concentration.svg
# and related files in other languages. See all files in :
# https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:Other_versions/Mauna_Loa_CO2_monthly_mean_concentration
# 
# Update this script on :
# https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Other_versions/Mauna_Loa_CO2_monthly_mean_concentration.R&action=edit

# Required packages.   used for :
library(readr)         # reading data
library(dplyr)         # data processing
library(ggplot2)       # plot
library(gridExtra)     # plot positionning
library(scales)        # pretty breaks on plot axis
library(lubridate)     # date processing
library(httr)          # check url
library(Hmisc)         # ci from bootstrap

# install all locales beforehand, e.g. :
# sudo locale-gen ca_ES.UTF-8

old_locale <- Sys.getlocale("LC_TIME")

# Translations ------------------------------------------------------------

language <- list(
  
  ca_ES = list(
    locale_lc_time = "ca_ES.UTF-8",
    title = bquote("Mitjana mensual de la concentratió de"~CO[2]),
    subtitle = "Mauna Loa",
    caption_scripps = paste("dades : R. F. Keeling, S. J. Walker, S. C. Piper and A. F. Bollenbacher\nScripps CO2 Program (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Visitada", Sys.Date()),
    caption_noaa = paste("dades : Dr. Pieter Tans, NOAA/ESRL (https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/) i\n Dr. Ralph Keeling, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Visitada ", Sys.Date()),
    x = "any",
    y = bquote("fracció de"~CO[2]~"en aire sec ("*mu*"mol/mol)"),
    x2 = "mes",
    y2 = bquote(atop("fracció de"~CO[2]~"en aire sec ("*mu*"mol/mol)",
                     "desviació de la mitjana anual")),
    title2 = "Variació mensual"
  ),
  
  cs_CZ = list(
    locale_lc_time = "cs_CZ.UTF-8",
    title = "Průměrné měsíční koncentrace oxidu uhličitého",
    subtitle = "Mauna Loa",
    caption_scripps = paste("data : R. F. Keeling, S. J. Walker, S. C. Piper a A. F. Bollenbacher\nScripps CO2 Program (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Přístupné", Sys.Date()),
    caption_noaa = paste("data : Dr. Pieter Tans, NOAA/ESRL (https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/) a\nDr. Ralph Keeling, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Přístupné", Sys.Date()),
    x = "rok",
    y = bquote("koncentrace"~CO[2]~"v suchém vzduchu ("*mu*"mol/mol)"),
    x2 = "měsíc",
    y2 = bquote(atop("koncentrace"~CO[2]~"v suchém vzduchu ("*mu*"mol/mol)", "odchylka od ročního průměru")),
    title2 = "Měsíční změna (průměrná roční odchylka)"
  ),
  
  de_DE = list(
    locale_lc_time = "de_DE.UTF-8",
    title = bquote("Monatliche durchschnittliche"~CO[2]*"-Konzentration"),
    subtitle = "Mauna Loa",
    caption_scripps = paste("Datei : R. F. Keeling, S. J. Walker, S. C. Piper und A. F. Bollenbacher\nScripps CO2 Program (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Zugänglich am", Sys.Date()),
    caption_noaa = paste("Datei : Dr. Pieter Tans, NOAA/ESRL (https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/) und\nDr. Ralph Keeling, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Zugänglich am", Sys.Date()),
    x = "Jahr",
    y = bquote(CO[2]*"-Anteil in trockener Luft ("*mu*"mol/mol)"),
    x2 = "Monate",
    y2 = bquote(atop(CO[2]*"-Anteil in trockener Luft ("*mu*"mol/mol)", "Abweichung vom Jahresmittel")),
    title2 = "Monatliche Variation"
  ),  
  
  en_US = list(
    locale_lc_time = "en_US.UTF-8",
    title = bquote("Monthly mean"~CO[2]~"concentration"),
    subtitle = "Mauna Loa",
    caption_scripps = paste("Data : R. F. Keeling, S. J. Walker, S. C. Piper and A. F. Bollenbacher\nScripps CO2 Program (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Accessed", Sys.Date()),
    caption_noaa = paste("Data : Dr. Pieter Tans, NOAA/ESRL (https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/) and\n Dr. Ralph Keeling, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Accessed ", Sys.Date()),
    x = "Year",
    y = bquote(CO[2]~"fraction in dry air ("*mu*"mol/mol)"),
    x2 = "Month",
    y2 = bquote(atop(CO[2]~"fraction in dry air ("*mu*"mol/mol)", "Departure from yearly average")),
    title2 = "Seasonal variation"
  ),
  
  es_ES = list(
    locale_lc_time = "es_ES.UTF-8",
    title = bquote("Media mensual de la concentración de"~CO[2]),
    subtitle = "Mauna Loa",
    caption_scripps = paste("dato : R. F. Keeling, S. J. Walker, S. C. Piper y A. F. Bollenbacher\nScripps CO2 Program (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Visitada", Sys.Date()),
    caption_noaa = paste("dato : Dr. Pieter Tans, NOAA/ESRL (https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/) y\nDr. Ralph Keeling, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Visitada", Sys.Date()),
    x = "Año",
    y = bquote("Fraccion de"~CO[2]~"en aire secco ("*mu*"mol/mol)"),
    x2 = "Mes",
    y2 = bquote(atop("Fraccion de"~CO[2]~"en aire secco ("*mu*"mol/mol)", "Desviación de la media anual")),
    title2 = "Variación mensual"
  ),  
  
  fr_FR = list(
    locale_lc_time = "fr_FR.UTF-8",
    title = bquote("Moyenne mensuelle de la concentration de"~CO[2]),
    subtitle = "Mauna Loa",
    caption_scripps = paste("données : R. F. Keeling, S. J. Walker, S. C. Piper et A. F. Bollenbacher\nScripps CO2 Program (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Accédé le", Sys.Date()),
    caption_noaa = paste("données : Dr Pieter Tans, NOAA/ESRL (https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/) et\n Dr. Ralph Keeling, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Accédé le", Sys.Date()),
    x = "année",
    y = bquote("fraction de"~CO[2]~"dans l'air sec ("*mu*"mol/mol)"),
    x2 = "mois",
    y2 = bquote(atop("fraction de"~CO[2]~"dans l'air sec ("*mu*"mol/mol)", "en écart à la moyenne annuelle")),
    title2 = "Variation saisonnière"
  ),

    nl_NL = list(
    locale_lc_time = "nl_NL.UTF-8",
    title = bquote("Maandelijkse gemiddelde"~CO[2]*"-concentratie"),
    subtitle = "Mauna Loa",
    caption_scripps = glue("Gegevens : R. F. Keeling, S. J. Walker, S. C. Piper en A. F. Bollenbacher\nScripps CO2 Program (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Geopend {Sys.Date()}"),
    caption_noaa = glue("Gegevens : Dr. Pieter Tans, NOAA/ESRL (https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/) en\n Dr. Ralph Keeling, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Accessed  {Sys.Date()}"),
    x = "Jaar",
    y = bquote(CO[2]*"-fractie in droge lucht ("*mu*"mol/mol)"),
    x2 = "Mannd",
    y2 = bquote(atop(CO[2]*"-fractie in droge lucht ("*mu*"mol/mol)", "Afwijking van jaargemiddelde")),
    title2 = "Seizoensgebonden variatie"
  ),

  nn_NO = list(
    locale_lc_time = "nn_NO.UTF-8",
    title = bquote("Gjennomsnittlig månedlig"~CO[2]*"-konsentrasjon"),
    subtitle = "Mauna Loa",
    caption_scripps = paste("data : R. F. Keeling, S. J. Walker, S. C. Piper og A. F. Bollenbacher\nScripps CO2 Program (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Vist", Sys.Date()),
    caption_noaa = paste("data : Dr. Pieter Tans, NOAA/ESRL (https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/) og\nDr. Ralph Keeling, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Vist", Sys.Date()),
    x = "År",
    y = bquote(CO[2]*"-andel i tørr luft ("*mu*"mol/mol)"),
    x2 = "Måned",
    y2 = bquote(atop(CO[2]*"-andel i tørr luft ("*mu*"mol/mol)",
                     "Avvik fra årlig gjennomsnitt")),
    title2 = "Årlig variasjon"
  ),
  
  pl_PL = list(
    locale_lc_time = "pl_PL.UTF-8",
    title = bquote("Średnie miesięczne stężenie"~CO[2]),
    subtitle = "Mauna Loa",
    caption_scripps = paste("Dane : R. F. Keeling, S. J. Walker, S. C. Piper i A. F. Bollenbacher\nScripps CO2 Program (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Dostęp na", Sys.Date()),
    caption_noaa = paste("Dane : Dr. Pieter Tans, NOAA/ESRL (https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/) i\nDr. Ralph Keeling, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Dostęp na", Sys.Date()),
    x = "Rok",
    y = bquote("Frakcja"~CO[2]~"w suchym powietrzu ("*mu*"mol/mol)"),
    x2 = "Miesiąc",
    y2 = bquote(atop("Frakcja"~CO[2]~"w suchym powietrzu ("*mu*"mol/mol)", "Odejście od średniej rocznej")),
    title2 = "Wahania sezonowe"
  ),

  ro_RO = list(
    locale_lc_time = "ro_RO.UTF-8",
    title = bquote("Concentrația medie lunară de"~CO[2]),
    subtitle = "Mauna Loa, Hawaii",
    caption_scripps = paste("Date: R. F. Keeling, S. J. Walker, S. C. Piper și A. F. Bollenbacher\nScripps CO2 Program (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Accesat în", Sys.Date()),
    caption_noaa = paste("Date : Dr. Pieter Tans, NOAA/ESRL (https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/) și\n Dr. Ralph Keeling, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Accesat în", Sys.Date()),
    x = "An",
    y = bquote("Ponderea"~CO[2]~"în aer uscat ("*mu*"mol/mol)"),
    x2 = "Lună",
    y2 = bquote(atop("Abaterea cotei"~CO[2]~"în aer uscat ("*mu*"mol/mol)", "Abatere de la media anuală")),
    title2 = "Variație sezonieră"
  ),

  ru_RU = list(
    locale_lc_time = "ru_RU.UTF-8",
    title = bquote("Среднемесячная и среднегодовая концентрации"~CO[2]),
    subtitle = "Мауна Лоа, Гаваи",
    caption_scripps = paste("данные : R. F. Keeling, S. J. Walker, S. C. Piper и A. F. Bollenbacher\nScripps CO2 Program (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). доступ на", Sys.Date()),
    caption_noaa = paste("данные : Dr. Pieter Tans, NOAA/ESRL (https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/) и\nDr. Ralph Keeling, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). доступ на ", Sys.Date()),
    x = "Годы",
    y = bquote("Доля"~CO[2]~"в сухом воздухе ("*mu*"mol/mol)"),
    x2 = "Месяцы",
    y2 = bquote(atop("Отклонение доли"~CO[2]~"в сухом воздухе", "от среднегодового значения, мкмоль/моль")),
    title2 = "Сезонные колебания"
  )
  
)


# Data --------------------------------------------------------------------

# First try NOAA data, if not availble use Scripps data
if (!http_error("ftp://aftp.cmdl.noaa.gov/products/trends/co2/co2_mm_mlo.txt")) {
  # https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/data.html
  source <- "noaa"
  co2ml <- read_table(
    "ftp://aftp.cmdl.noaa.gov/products/trends/co2/co2_mm_mlo.txt",
    col_names = c("year", "month", "decimal", "average", "deseason", "ndays", "stddays", "unc"),
    col_types = "iidddidd",
    na = c("-99.99", "-1"),
    comment = "#") %>% 
    group_by(year) %>% 
    mutate(year_mean = mean(average, na.rm = TRUE),
           delta = average - year_mean,
           vdate = ymd(paste0("2015-", month, "-01")))%>% 
    rename(co2 = average)
  
} else {
  # https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/data/atmospheric_co2/primary_mlo_co2_record
  # used during US gov shutdown
  source <- "scripps"
  co2ml <- read_csv(
    "https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/assets/data/atmospheric/stations/in_situ_co2/monthly/monthly_in_situ_co2_mlo.csv",
    col_names = c("year", "month", "xls_date", "decimal",
                  "co2_raw", "co2_raw_seas_adj", "fit", "fit_seas_adj",
                  "co2_filled", "co2_filled_seas_adj"),
    col_types = "iiiddddddd",
    skip = 57,
    na = "-99.99",
    comment = "\"") %>% 
    group_by(year) %>% 
    mutate(year_mean = mean(co2_filled, na.rm = TRUE),
           delta = co2_filled - year_mean,
           vdate = ymd(paste0("2015-", month, "-01"))) %>% 
    rename(co2 = co2_filled)
}


# Generate the plot for each language -------------------------------------

for (l in names(language)) {
  message(l)
  current <- language[[l]]
  
  # format the date in local names
  Sys.setlocale("LC_TIME", current$locale_lc_time)
  
  # main plot
  p1 <- ggplot(co2ml, aes(decimal, co2)) + 	
    geom_line(color = "pink") +
    geom_point(color = "red", size = 0.6) +
    stat_smooth(span = 0.1) +
    scale_x_continuous(breaks = pretty_breaks()) +
    scale_y_continuous(breaks = pretty_breaks()) +
    labs(x = current$x,
         y = current$y,
         title = current$title,
         subtitle = paste(current$subtitle, min(co2ml$year), "-", max(co2ml$year)),
         caption = paste(current[[paste0("caption_", source)]],
                         "https://w.wiki/4ZWn", sep = "\n")) +
    theme_bw() +
    theme(plot.caption = element_text(size = 7))
  
  # inset plot
  p2 <- ggplot(co2ml, aes(vdate, delta)) +
    geom_hline(yintercept = 0) +
    stat_smooth(span = 0.4, se = FALSE) +
    stat_summary(fun.data = "mean_cl_boot", colour = "red", size = 0.3) + 
    scale_x_date(breaks = pretty_breaks(4), 
                 minor_breaks = pretty_breaks(12), 
                 labels = date_format("%b")) +
    labs(x = current$x2,
         y = current$y2,
         title = current$title2) +
    theme_bw()
  
  # merge the plots and export in SVG
  p1 + annotation_custom(grob = ggplotGrob(p2),
                         xmin = 1957, xmax = 1991, ymin = 361, ymax = 420)
  
  ggsave(file = paste("co2_mauna_loa", l, Sys.Date(), "wp.svg", sep = "_"), 
         width = 20, 
         height = 20, 
         units = "cm", 
         device = svg)
}

# return to former locale
Sys.setlocale("LC_TIME", old_locale)



目標地點19° 32′ 10.31″ 北, 155° 34′ 36.84″ 西 Kartographer map based on OpenStreetMap.位於此地的本圖片與其他圖片: OpenStreetMapinfo

授權

我,本作品的著作權持有者,決定用以下授權條款發佈本作品:
w:zh:創用CC
姓名標示 相同方式分享
您可以自由:
  • 分享 – 複製、發佈和傳播本作品
  • 重新修改 – 創作演繹作品
惟需遵照下列條件:
  • 姓名標示 – 您必須指名出正確的製作者,和提供授權條款的連結,以及表示是否有對內容上做出變更。您可以用任何合理的方式來行動,但不得以任何方式表明授權條款是對您許可或是由您所使用。
  • 相同方式分享 – 如果您利用本素材進行再混合、轉換或創作,您必須基於如同原先的相同或兼容的條款,來分布您的貢獻成品。

Data source license

These data are made freely available to the public and the scientific community in the belief that their wide dissemination will lead to greater understanding and new scientific insights.

— Pieter Tans, in: NOAA

說明

添加單行說明來描述出檔案所代表的內容
Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations at Mauna Loa, Hawaii since 1958 (plot in English)

在此檔案描寫的項目

描繪內容 繁體中文

創作作者 繁體中文

沒有維基數據項目的某些值

著作權狀態 繁體中文

有著作權 繁體中文

成立或建立時間 繁體中文

6 1 2019

檔案來源 Chinese (Taiwan) (已轉換拼寫)

描述地坐標 中文 (已轉換拼寫)

19°32'10.309"N, 155°34'36.840"W

多媒體型式 繁體中文

image/svg+xml

檔案歷史

按到日期/時間去眵吖許時間有過嗰檔案。

頂晏嗰版本 | 頂早嗰版本) 望下(新10次 | ) (10 | 20 | 50 | 100 | 250 | 500
日期/時間縮圖尺寸用戶說明
眼前2023年12月15日 (禮拜五) 19:49到2023年12月15日 (禮拜五) 19:49嗰縮圖版本708 × 708(434 KB)Oeneisupdate 2023
2022年12月22日 (禮拜四) 17:32到2022年12月22日 (禮拜四) 17:32嗰縮圖版本708 × 708(428 KB)Oeneis2022 update
2022年8月15日 (禮拜一) 08:25到2022年8月15日 (禮拜一) 08:25嗰縮圖版本708 × 708(427 KB)Oeneisupdate with 2022 data
2021年12月16日 (禮拜四) 22:01到2021年12月16日 (禮拜四) 22:01嗰縮圖版本708 × 708(424 KB)Oeneisupdate URLs
2021年12月16日 (禮拜四) 19:43到2021年12月16日 (禮拜四) 19:43嗰縮圖版本708 × 708(421 KB)Oeneis2021 data
2020年10月31日 (禮拜六) 17:52到2020年10月31日 (禮拜六) 17:52嗰縮圖版本708 × 708(420 KB)Oeneisupdate data 2020-10-31
2019年7月20日 (禮拜六) 14:40到2019年7月20日 (禮拜六) 14:40嗰縮圖版本708 × 708(409 KB)Oeneisdata up to 2019-06
2019年1月6日 (禮拜天) 11:01到2019年1月6日 (禮拜天) 11:01嗰縮圖版本708 × 708(407 KB)Oeneisfull 2018 year data ; data from Scripps due to US gov shutdown
2018年10月21日 (禮拜天) 08:57到2018年10月21日 (禮拜天) 08:57嗰縮圖版本708 × 708(401 KB)Oeneisdata up to 2018-10
2018年1月20日 (禮拜六) 13:49到2018年1月20日 (禮拜六) 13:49嗰縮圖版本708 × 708(376 KB)Oeneis1958-2017 data
頂晏嗰版本 | 頂早嗰版本) 望下(新10次 | ) (10 | 20 | 50 | 100 | 250 | 500

冇頁面連結到箇隻檔案。

全域文件用途

以下其他 wiki 使用了這個檔案:

檢視此檔案的更多全域使用狀況

元數據